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During our screening studies, attractiveness of a ternary mixture of synthetic Grandlure I [racemic cis-1-methyl-2-(1-methylenethenyl)-cyclobutane ethanol], Grandlure II [(Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl)cyclohexylidene ethanol], and Grandlure...
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During our screening studies, attractiveness of a ternary mixture of synthetic Grandlure I [racemic cis-1-methyl-2-(1-methylenethenyl)-cyclobutane ethanol], Grandlure II [(Z)-2-(3,3-dimethyl)cyclohexylidene ethanol], and Grandlure III-IV [(Z)- and (E)-2-ochtodenal; (Z)- and (E)-(3,3-dimethyl)cyclohexylidene acetaldehyde] for the sugar-beet weevil, Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was observed in field-trapping tests at several sites in Hungary and Serbia. The mixture attracted both males and females. Later tests revealed that of the components in the ternary mixture, only Grandlure III-IV were responsible for attraction, and the addition of Grandlures I or II in varying percentages had no influence on trap captures. Traps baited with 50-50 000 micro g of Grandlure III-IV on rubber or polyethylene dispensers yielded high catches of weevils. When testing synthetic samples enriched in the respective geometrical isomer, Grandlure IV had a tendency of catching more weevils, but differences were not significant from lower catches by a 1:1 Z:E blend or Grandlure III. In gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/electroantennographic detection studies, antennae of both female and male weevils were more responsive to the (E)- than to the (Z)-isomer suggesting a more important role for Grandlure IV. Efforts to verify the presence of Grandlure III or IV in volatiles collected from either sex of live sugar-beet weevils or body washings with pentane remained inconclusive. Traps baited with Grandlure III-IV can now be used as sensitive and powerful trapping tools in the control of the sugar-beet weevil..
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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of type, location, and colour of traps baited with 1 mg of the sex pheromone (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate in polyethylene vials on the capture of the pine processionary moth, Thaum...
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Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of type, location, and colour of traps baited with 1 mg of the sex pheromone (Z)-13-hexadecen-11-ynyl acetate in polyethylene vials on the capture of the pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Thaumetopoeidae), males. The experiments were carried out during two flight seasons in 2002 and 2003 at a low elevation Mediterranean pine forest on the hill of Goritsa (Magnesia, Thessaly, Central Greece). The hill is covered by approximately 120 ha of pines, among which Pinus brutia Ten. (Pinaceae) is predominant with Pinus halepensis Mill. (Pinaceae) as second most common species. Among the commercially available trap types used, the Delta and Pherocon II captured significantly more males than the Funnel trap. Furthermore, pine density had a significant effect on trap type and trap colour catches. Delta traps caught significantly more adults than the other two trap types in the low density pine stand, while in the medium and high-density pine stands no significant differences were noted between Delta and Pherocon II traps. In addition, trap colour performance varied according to pine density; white- and yellow-coloured traps caught significantly more males than the other two trap colours in the high-density stand. The first adults were captured in traps during May, and traps continued to capture adults in low numbers (< two individuals per trap) until mid-June. A period of 3-4 weeks of no trap captures followed until mid-July, when captures restarted, at low numbers. The peak of T. pityocampa flight was observed during late August-September..
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In Part III of our study of papers published in the Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000-2015, we focused on six orders of arthropods: Diptera, Blattodea, Acari, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, and Psocoptera. Species within these orde...
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In Part III of our study of papers published in the Journal of Economic Entomology, 2000-2015, we focused on six orders of arthropods: Diptera, Blattodea, Acari, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, and Psocoptera. Species within these orders account for almost 30% of the grand total of the studies of commodities attacked or venues infested. These species also account for 26% of the membership of the top 100 species, and 29% of the top 100's papers. Species within these orders include the world's most significant pests of backyards, blueberries, cattle, cranberries, the cut flower and potted plant industries, honeybee pollination services, household hygiene, mint, onions, oranges, oregano, sage, thyme, and wooden structures. The shaded lines in the tables in this paper show the relative rankings of species within these six orders among the top 100. Part III closes with a summation of the key findings concerning predictability in the study of adverse arthropods. It emphasizes the relative stability in the assortment of topics and subspecialties most commonly encountered in twenty-first century entomology. There is also a year-to-year recurring pattern of papers involving the commodities most damaged or venues most infested and the major orders and their member species that target them, with the arrival of newly invasive species one of the few ways these equilibria are ever upset.
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This section contains abstracts of a total of 24 oral and poster paper presentations that were presented during the annual scientific conference of the Philippine Association of Entomologists Inc. on the 36th annual convention of ...
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This section contains abstracts of a total of 24 oral and poster paper presentations that were presented during the annual scientific conference of the Philippine Association of Entomologists Inc. on the 36th annual convention of the Pest Management Council of the Philippines in Munoz, Nueva Ecija on 306 May 2005..
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摘要 :Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) and Incisitermes immigrans (Light) nymphs were held either individually or in groups of ten for an eight-week period, and fed either filter paper, Douglas-fir, or Ponderosa pine. Total consumption was ...
展开Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) and Incisitermes immigrans (Light) nymphs were held either individually or in groups of ten for an eight-week period, and fed either filter paper, Douglas-fir, or Ponderosa pine. Total consumption was noted; and fecal pellet number, mass, and volume were recorded weekly. Solitary individuals defecated more and produced smaller fecal pellets than nymphs maintained in groups, although the total individual mass of feces produced was similar. Diet affected feeding, food utilization, and fecal pellet number and mass. Consumption and defecation reflected cellulose and lignin content of the substrate, with less ingestion of filter paper than wood on a weight basis, but greater utilization of the ingested paper (98%) and less fecal mass. The percentages of the ingested wood utilized (not excreted) were virtually equivalent for Douglas-fir and pine: 63% and 65%, respectively, with C. brevis, and 71% and 72% with I. immigrans. Each I. immigrans nymph consumed about 0.2 mg of wood each day, while each C. brevis nymph consumed slightly less than 0.15 mg of wood per day. On the average, nymphs of both termite species deposited from 0.7 to 1.0 fecal pellets per day, equivalent to a daily average fecal mass of 0.06 mg when fed Douglas-fir, and 0.05 mg when fed pine. Correlation of these data with population growth curves could permit estimation of the size and age of drywood termite colonies.
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摘要 :Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) and Incisitermes immigrans (Light) nymphs were held either individually or in groups of ten for an eight-week period, and fed either filter paper, Douglas-fir, or Ponderosa pine. Total consumption was ...
展开Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) and Incisitermes immigrans (Light) nymphs were held either individually or in groups of ten for an eight-week period, and fed either filter paper, Douglas-fir, or Ponderosa pine. Total consumption was noted; and fecal pellet number, mass, and volume were recorded weekly. Solitary individuals defecated more and produced smaller fecal pellets than nymphs maintained in groups, although the total individual mass of feces produced was similar. Diet affected feeding, food utilization, and fecal pellet number and mass. Consumption and defecation reflected cellulose and lignin content of the substrate, with less ingestion of filter paper than wood on a weight basis, but greater utilization of the ingested paper (98%) and less fecal mass. The percentages of the ingested wood utilized (not excreted) were virtually equivalent for Douglas-fir and pine: 63% and 65%, respectively, with C. brevis, and 71% and 72% with I. immigrans. Each I. immigrans nymph consumed about 0.2 mg of wood each day, while each C. brevis nymph consumed slightly less than 0.15 mg of wood per day. On the average, nymphs of both termite species deposited from 0.7 to 1.0 fecal pellets per day, equivalent to a daily average fecal mass of 0.06 mg when fed Douglas-fir, and 0.05 mg when fed pine. Correlation of these data with population growth curves could permit estimation of the size and age of drywood termite colonies.
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Our findings revealed two distinct patterns of substrate preparation: the pattern of leaf-cutting ants foraging on dicotyledons is marked by highly fragmented substrate resulting in a more advanced initial decomposition. The patte...
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Our findings revealed two distinct patterns of substrate preparation: the pattern of leaf-cutting ants foraging on dicotyledons is marked by highly fragmented substrate resulting in a more advanced initial decomposition. The pattern of leaf-cutting ants harvesting grasses is characterized by large pieces of substrate, resulting in little initial decomposition. Ants foraging on both types of plants are apparently intermediary between the two patterns, although more similar to the patterns of those foraging on dicotyledons. Also, the behavior of scraping the substrate was described for the first time, it is very important for the removal of the epicuticular wax layer of the leaves helping the growth of the symbiotic fungus.
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Our findings revealed two distinct patterns of substrate preparation: the pattern of leaf-cutting ants foraging on dicotyledons is marked by highly fragmented substrate resulting in a more advanced initial decomposition. The patte...
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Our findings revealed two distinct patterns of substrate preparation: the pattern of leaf-cutting ants foraging on dicotyledons is marked by highly fragmented substrate resulting in a more advanced initial decomposition. The pattern of leaf-cutting ants harvesting grasses is characterized by large pieces of substrate, resulting in little initial decomposition. Ants foraging on both types of plants are apparently intermediary between the two patterns, although more similar to the patterns of those foraging on dicotyledons. Also, the behavior of scraping the substrate was described for the first time, it is very important for the removal of the epicuticular wax layer of the leaves helping the growth of the symbiotic fungus.
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The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is one control method for managing the larvae of the onion fly Delia antiqua that can cause substantial damage in onions and related crops. This successful method is only carried out commercially...
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The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is one control method for managing the larvae of the onion fly Delia antiqua that can cause substantial damage in onions and related crops. This successful method is only carried out commercially in The Netherlands by a single company, De Groene Vlieg B.V. In 2005, some 4000 ha of onions were treated. Using the SIT, large numbers of sterile onion flies are repeatedly released into onion fields, so that most onion fly females will mate with sterile males. The eggs laid by the females will not hatch, and hence damage to the crop is prevented..
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Studies were carried out on two Salix viminalis cultivars: Tora and Gudrum, at the experimental field at Prusy near Krakow, Poland. During the first year of cultivation, plants were injured mainly by Chrysomelidae and Curculionida...
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Studies were carried out on two Salix viminalis cultivars: Tora and Gudrum, at the experimental field at Prusy near Krakow, Poland. During the first year of cultivation, plants were injured mainly by Chrysomelidae and Curculionidae. These pests were also the most numerous in the second year of cultivation. Among beneficial entomofauna, Carabidae, Coccinellidae and predatory Heteroptera were the most frequent..
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